Brain health is important for overall well-being, especially as we age. With conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and cognitive decline becoming increasingly common, regular discussions about brain health with your doctor are essential. The World Health Organization estimates that 55 million people worldwide suffer from dementia, with this number projected to triple by 2050. So, what should you ask your doctor to maintain optimal brain health? Here are five essential questions you must ask your doctor:

Prevention is better than cure, especially when it comes to your brain. According to a 2020 study published in The Lancet, 40 percent of dementia cases could potentially be prevented by addressing lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, sleep, and stress management. Ask your doctor about personal strategies to protect your brain, such as adopting a Mediterranean diet, which is rich in brain-boosting foods like nuts, fish and olive oil.

2. Am I getting enough brain-friendly nutrients?

Nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D and antioxidants play an important role in brain health. Research published in the journal Nutrients suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s and improve cognitive function. Check with your doctor about whether you need dietary changes or supplements to meet your brain’s nutritional needs.

Cognitive exercises aren’t just for kids — they’re important for adults, too. A study in Neurology found that mentally stimulating activities, such as puzzles or learning new skills, can delay cognitive decline. Ask your doctor about brain-training activities or apps tailored to your cognitive abilities.

Certain health conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity, can increase your risk of dementia and other neurological conditions. For example, the Framingham Heart Study showed that untreated high blood pressure in midlife substantially increases the risk of dementia later. Discuss your medical history and whether additional testing or intervention is needed.

Sleep is important for clearing toxins from the brain, including beta-amyloid, a protein linked to Alzheimer’s disease. A 2023 study in Sleep Medicine Reviews confirmed that adults who sleep less than six hours a night have a higher risk of cognitive decline. Consult your doctor about sleep hygiene practices or treatment of sleep disorders like sleep apnea.

While it’s important to ask these questions, it’s equally important to act on the advice. Regular physical activity, such as 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly, has been shown by the Alzheimer’s Association to improve memory and slow cognitive decline. Additionally, managing stress through mindfulness practices like yoga or meditation can improve mental clarity and reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.

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