Millions of people around the world are affected by it air pollutionWhich is a huge threat to health. Many studies have shown a strong link between exposure to polluted air and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) are among the many toxic compounds that make up air pollution. Among them, small particulate matter (PM2.5) is particularly harmful because it can enter the bloodstream and penetrate deep into the lungs. These particles can damage blood vessels, cause oxidative stress and cause inflammation after entering the circulation.

A study published in The Lancet found that long-term exposure to PM2.5 increased the risk of heart attack and stroke by 24 per cent and 76 per cent, respectively. We contacted Dr Bimal Chhajed, senior cardiologist, former AIIMS consultant and director of SAAOL Heart Centre, New Delhi, who shared the details.

1. Inflammation and oxidative stress: Pollutants inhaled by the body can cause inflammatory responses. This can result in inflammation of the blood vessels, which can lead to atherosclerosis or hardening and narrowing of the arteries. The body’s imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants or oxidative stress can be even worse cardiovascular disease,

2. Endothelial dysfunction: The health of blood arteries depends on the endothelium, a thin membrane that lines them. Air pollution can affect endothelial function, which reduces the ability of capillaries to dilate and increases the risk of high blood pressure or hypertension.

3. Autonomic nervous system imbalance: The autonomic nervous system, which controls heart rate and other involuntary body activities, can be affected by air pollution. heart problems Imbalances in this system can cause problems such as arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythm).

Air pollution has significant negative effects on the cardio-vascular system that can take many different forms.

– Heart attack: Due to increased blood pressure, inflammation and heart rate variability, exposure to high air pollution levels can cause cardiac arrest or a heart attack.

– Stroke: Research has linked air pollution to a higher risk of both hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes, which are caused by blood clots and brain bleeding, respectively. Exposure to polluted air increases this risk both in the short and long term.

– High blood pressure: Long-term exposure to polluted air can cause high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart attack and stroke.

– Heart attacks: Air pollution can cause heart attacks, making pre-existing heart conditions worse. People with a history of heart disease are particularly at risk.

Prevention Tips

Tightening air quality regulation

Governments and regulatory organizations should make air quality regulations more stringent and promote policies aimed at reducing emissions from automobiles, factories, and other pollution sources. Effective regulation is vital to reducing harmful emissions and protecting public health.

raise public awareness

It is important to make people aware of the health hazards associated with air pollution. Educating people about preventive measures like wearing masks and using air purifiers can help them protect themselves from harmful pollutants.

Promote a heart-healthy lifestyle

Promoting a heart-healthy lifestyle is another important strategy. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking can improve cardiovascular health and reduce some of the risks associated with air pollution.

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