A recent study by researchers in the United States has discovered why some people with Down syndrome develop dementia while others do not. Scientists have found that both genetic and lifestyle factors can play a role in this difference. Studies suggest that people with Down syndrome have a high risk – more than 90 percent – in the form of dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease they are in the form of age. This is because they are born with an additional copy of chromosome 21, which affects the growth of the brain and body. However, so far, the researchers have not fully understood why despite some similar genetic risk with down syndromes remain cognitively stable.

Major conclusions from studies

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh and the University of California studied a woman with Down syndrome over a period of 10 years. After his death, his brain was donated for research.

Even though he did not show any signs of cognitive decline during his lifetime, the MRI scan of his brain showed that the changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease were usually detected. This unexpected results inspired scientists to believe that some genetic or lifestyle factors may have helped to save her brain function.

The role of education and genetics to lead a postdoctoral scholar Junior-Junun Liu at the University of Pittsburgh, women’s stable cognitive health could be associated with their high level of education or specific genetic symptoms. These factors may have helped its brain function well despite the presence of Alzheimer’s changes.

What does it mean for future research

The study published in Alzheimer’s and Dementia magazine provides researchers a rare opportunity to understand how genetic and lifestyle factors affect brain health. If scientists can identify protective factors, it can lead to new strategies to reduce dementia in people with Down syndrome and normal population.

Lifestyle changes to reduce dementia risk

While genetic dementia plays a role in the risk, some lifestyle options may help improve brain health and reduce the possibility of development of cognitive decline.

1. Be physically active

Regular exercise helps maintain good blood flow in the brain and reduces the risk of cognitive decline. Activities like walking, swimming or yoga can be beneficial.

2. Eat a brain-healthy diet

Fruits, vegetables, whole grains and healthy fat diets (such as fish, nuts and olive oil) can protect them from dementia. The Mediterranean diet, in particular, is associated with better brain health.

3. Keep your mind busy

Challenge the brain with riddles, reading, learning new skills, or playing musical instruments can help keep memory and cognitive functions faster.

4. Get enough sleep

Poor sleep can negatively affect brain function. To support cognitive health, get at least 7-8 hours of good quality sleep to support cognitive health.

5. Manage stress and mental health

Chronic stress and mental health conditions such as depression can increase the risk of dementia. Practicing relaxation techniques such as meditation or deep breathing can help reduce stress.

6. Maintain social relations

Regular social interaction with family and friends can help keep the brain active and reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

In understanding what helps in maintaining cognitive stability, scientists can develop new ways to protect brain health in people with down syndrome and at risk of dementia to others.

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