Most people have suffered a minor twitch or eye cramps that seem to be trivial first. In fact, sometimes, it can be a result of fatigue or stress and can cause a minor annoyance.

However, in rare cases, it can be a sign of a serious neurological condition called blepharospasm. Globally, this eye disease affects about five in 1,00,000 at an average, and affects most adults in its 50s and more than that.

Dr. A unit of Agarwal’s Eye Hospital, Aditya Jyot Hospital, an Occuloplasty Surgeon Dr. Akshay Nair explained the reasons, symptoms and treatment options for this often-evolution.

What is blepharospasm?

Blepharospasm is a rare neurological disorder classified as focal dystonia, a movement disorder that causes muscle uncontrollable, repetitive contractions around the eyelids.

It blinks excessive eyelids, uncontrollable eyelids, and, in severe cases, forcibly closing the eyes, which can affect a person’s dynamics and quality of life.

How common is blepharospasm in India?

While India is deficient in accurate data on blepharospasm cases, global estimates suggest that about 5 out of 1,00,000 are affected.

This condition is more common in women than men and is usually between 40 and 60 years of age. Due to limited awareness and wrong diagnosis, many cases in India may be unpublished.

What are the initial signs and symptoms?

Searching for early symptoms of blepharospasm is important for timely intervention. Some major signals include:

• Frequent blink of eyelids: Uncontrollable eyelids are often triggered by exposure to light, air, or stress.
• Eye irritation: A persistent dry or gritty sensation in the eyes.
• Palak twitch: Light, intermittent cramps that may deteriorate over time.
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia): Discomfort or pain when exposed to bright lights.
• Difficulty keeping the eyes open: The heaviness of the eyelids or the sensation of forced closure.
• Facial cramps: In some cases, muscle cramps may extend beyond the eyelids to other parts of the face.

What is treatment?

Although there is no permanent treatment for blepharospasm, many treatment options can help manage the situation and improve daily functioning:

Botulinum toxin (botox) injection

Keeping in mind the most effective treatment, botox injections help the eyelid muscles relax and reduce cramps. The effect usually lasts for 3–4 months, requiring repeating injections for continuous relief.

Oral medicines

Muscle rest and anticoolinurgeic drugs may offer some relief but are usually less effective than Botox.

Surgery

In severe cases where the botox is ineffective, a surgical process known as a maikomomi, can be performed to remove some muscles responsible for eyelid cramps.

Lifestyle remedies to reduce symptoms

While medical treatment is important, some lifestyle adjustments can help reduce discomfort:

• Wearing tinted glasses: reduces sensitivity to bright light.
• Stress management: Practicing relaxation techniques such as meditation and yoga can help control muscle cramps.
• Using artificial tears: Lubrication and reduces irritation to the eyes.

Can blepharospasm be stopped?

Since the exact cause of blepharospasm is unclear, complete prevention is not possible. However, the following measures can help manage or reduce symptoms:

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• Avoid known triggers such as bright light, fatigue and stress.
• Maintain eye health with the use of regular check-ups and protective iwear.
• Practice relaxation techniques to reduce stress -related exacerbation.

“Blepharospasm is a healing condition, and the initial diagnosis can improve a patient’s quality of life. If you or someone you know that there is difficulty in cutting the eyelids or keeping your eyes open, consult an ocularoplastic surgeon or neurologist for proper assessment and treatment,” Dr. Highlight Akshay Nair.

While sometimes eyes twitching are usually harmless, frequent and severe cramps should not be ignored.