chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung condition caused by lung damage. This damage results in swelling and irritation inside the airways that restrict the flow of air in and out of the lungs. World COPD Day is observed every year on 20 November.

COPD is caused by long-term exposure to irritant gases or particulate matter, most often cigarette smoke. Long-term exposure to smoke can also cause COPD. Passive smokers have an increased risk of poor lung function and long-term respiratory symptoms. People with COPD have an increased risk of developing heart disease, lung cancer, and many other health conditions.

The two most common conditions that cause COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs. On the other hand, emphysema is a condition in which the alveoli at the end of the smallest air passages (bronchioles) of the lungs are destroyed as a result of harmful exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritating gases and particles.

The Mayo Clinic says COPD is a progressive disease that gets worse over time, however, it is treatable. Managing the condition properly can help you gain control over the symptoms which is necessary to reduce the risks of severity.

Here, take a look at some of the lifestyle changes you can make for better lung health if you suffer from COPD.

quit smoking

Smoking is the main cause of COPD. Quitting smoking slows the progression of the disease and improves lung function. This helps in reducing symptoms like shortness of breath. Staying away from smoking and polluted areas can also help reduce lung irritation.

regular exercise

While vigorous activity may be difficult, light and regular exercise can help strengthen respiratory muscles, improve stamina, and increase lung capacity. Walking, light aerobics and breathing exercises are good for maintaining mobility and lung function.

healthy diet

A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains supports the immune system and reduces the risk of respiratory infections. Eating small and frequent meals can also help reduce bloating.

practice breathing exercises

Techniques such as lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing can help control shortness of breath and improve oxygen intake. These exercises are helpful in managing the problem of breathlessness during physical activity or stress.

stay hydrated

Drinking plenty of water helps dilute the mucus in the lungs and makes it easier to expel. This reduces cough and improves air flow in the lungs, making breathing easier.

Avoid respiratory irritants

Pollutants, strong odors and chemical fumes can trigger COPD symptoms. Keeping indoor air clean with air purifiers, avoiding aerosol sprays, and ensuring good ventilation in the home can reduce the risk of these problems.

get vaccinated

Flu and pneumonia vaccinations are essential for COPD patients. Respiratory infections can aggravate COPD symptoms, leading to disease progression and hospitalization.

manage stress

Excessive stress can cause difficulty in breathing. Meditation, yoga and mindfulness can reduce anxiety which can help reduce shortness of breath and improve overall lung function.

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