Thalassemia It remains a serious health problem in India, with the country bearing a high burden of this hereditary disorder. Despite advances in treatment, this condition continues to affect thousands of people each year, highlighting the need for awareness, prevention, and effective management strategies.

Thalassemia, a hereditary blood disorder, occurs when the body fails to produce and maintain effective hemoglobinAn important component of red blood cells, explains Dr. Lisa Bulsara, Consultant – Hematology, Hemato Oncology and BMT, Jupiter Hospital, Pune. This results in insufficient red blood cells, leading to reduced hemoglobin levels and impaired growth and development.

“Each year, an estimated 10,000 children are born with thalassemia worldwide,” says Dr. Bulsara. “The need is estimated to be approximately one million persons blood transfusions Every year. With these rising numbers, India has unfortunately earned the title of thalassemia capital of the world.”

Thalassemia can cause anemia and chronic fatigue. Dr. Bulsara mentions that some babies start showing signs and symptoms as early as six months of age. “These symptoms vary in severity, ranging from mild to life-threatening, and may include paleness, yellowing of skinA bloated stomach, irritability, fatigue, and failure to thrive,” she adds.

According to Dr. Bulsara, regular blood transfusions play a vital role in the management of the disease, especially in individuals with beta thalassemia, which is one of the most severe forms. “Without timely treatment, individuals with beta thalassemia may suffer from severe anemia during infancy or early childhood,” she warns.

However, regular blood transfusions come with challenges. “Over time, these transfusions can lead to iron accumulation in the blood, which can damage the heart, liver, and other organs,” explains Dr. Bulsara. She says alternative treatments, such as iron chelation therapy Medications to remove excess iron and stimulate red blood cell production may also be considered.

“Apart from therapeutic interventions, supportive care and lifestyle changes are important for individuals suffering from thalassemia,” Dr. Bulsara stressed. She highlights the importance of dietary adjustments to ensure adequate nutrition, regular monitoring of iron levels and ongoing medical supervision to effectively manage complications.

Dr. Bulsara also highlights the importance of prevention. “Before planning a pregnancy, it is essential for both partners to get their thalassemia status checked,” she advises. “Thalassemia is a preventable genetic disorder, and early screening can help reduce its incidence.”

According to Dr. Bulsara, the only definite cure for thalassemia is bone marrow transplant. However, she cautions that although medical advances have improved disease management, thalassemia remains a serious health concern with a significant impact on patients’ lives.

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