The monsoon season arrives in various parts of the world and brings relief from the scorching heat. However, this season also creates ideal conditions for mosquitoes to breed, increasing the risk of mosquito-borne diseases. Therefore, it is important to be aware of mosquito-borne diseases in monsoon to keep yourself fit. Here are some of the most common diseases that you should be aware of:

Malaria is one of the best-known mosquito-borne diseases, caused by the Plasmodium parasite and transmitted by the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Symptoms of malaria include fever, chills, headache, and muscle aches, and if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications and even death. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), malaria remains a significant public health challenge, with more than 240 million cases reported globally in 2022.

Dengue Fever

Dengue fever, caused by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is another prevalent disease spread by mosquitoes during the monsoon. It causes high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, and a rash. In severe cases, dengue can develop into dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, both of which can be fatal. The WHO estimates that about half the world’s population is at risk of dengue, and millions of cases are reported each year.

Chikungunya

Chikungunya is also spread by the Aedes mosquito, and its symptoms are often similar to those of dengue. They include sudden onset of fever, joint pain, muscle aches, headache, nausea, fatigue, and rash. While chikungunya is rarely fatal, the joint pain can be severe and debilitating, lasting for months or years. The disease is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, especially during the rainy season.

Zika Virus

The Zika virus, which is spread by the Aedes mosquito, gained global attention during an outbreak in Brazil in 2015-2016. Although most Zika infections are asymptomatic or mild, the virus can cause serious birth defects if a pregnant woman becomes infected, leading to conditions such as microcephaly. Symptoms of Zika virus infection include mild fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, and headache.

Japanese Encephalitis

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection spread by the Culex mosquito, which is mainly found in rural and agricultural areas of Asia. JE affects the brain, causing inflammation, high fever, headache, stiff neck, disorientation, and seizures. While most infections are asymptomatic, severe cases can cause long-term neurological damage or death. In areas where JE is endemic, vaccination is available and recommended.

Given the increased risk of mosquito-borne diseases during the monsoon season, it is important to take preventive measures to protect yourself and your community. Here are some tips to help reduce the risk:

– Remove breeding sites: Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water, so it’s important to remove any sources of standing water around your home, such as flower pots, buckets and clogged drains. Regularly clean and empty containers that may hold water.

– Use mosquito repellent: Apply mosquito repellent cream or spray to exposed skin, especially at dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active. Mosquito nets and screens can also provide effective protection.

– Wear protective clothing: Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants and socks to minimize skin exposure. mosquito bitesIt is better to wear light coloured clothes, as mosquitoes are attracted to dark colours.

– Install screens on windows and doors: Make sure windows and doors have screens to prevent mosquitoes from entering your home. Repair any holes or gaps in the screens.

– Support community initiatives: Participate in community mosquito control programs, such as fogging and larviciding, which help reduce mosquito populations. Public health officials often organize these initiatives during the monsoon season.

– Stay informed: Keep yourself updated about any mosquito-borne disease outbreaks in your area and follow guidelines provided by local health authorities. Early detection and treatment are important to prevent complications.

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