world pneumonia day 2024, pneumonia A common lung respiratory infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Pneumonia causes your lung tissue to become inflamed (inflammation) and may cause fluid or pus to build up in your lungs. Although pneumonia is one of the most common respiratory infectionIt spreads to millions of people annually, some misconceptions often confuse its condition and lead to wrong prevention and treatment. So, to dispel the myths, we contacted Dr. Neeraj Gupta, Associate Director- Pulmonology, Respiratory Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Gurugram, who cleared these misconceptions.

Fact: It is true that older adults are more likely to contract pneumonia. However, the infection can happen to anyone at any age – children, young adults and even people who are fit and healthy can become infected. “People exposed to pollution or infection are also vulnerable; The more susceptible they are, the more likely they are to have conditions such as a weakened immune system and existing health conditions. Children under five and older adults are considered extremely vulnerable; These groups should consult their doctors about vaccination and other preventive measures,” explains Dr Neeraj.

Myth 2: Pneumonia is just a bad cold

Pneumonia is more dangerous than the common cold or flu. Some symptoms, such as cough and fever, may be somewhat similar, but pneumonia is an infection of the lungs. This can cause problems in breathing and reduce the oxygen level in the body. Dr. Neeraj explains that if pneumonia is left untreated, it can lead to serious complications including sepsis and respiratory failure, which can be fatal. If you have symptoms like chest pain, persistent cough with phlegm, fever or difficulty breathing, do not mistake it for a common cold and go to your doctor.

Pneumonia may begin in one of three ways; They are bacteria, viruses and fungi and antibiotics are only effective in dealing with bacterial pneumonia. Viral pneumonia is most common in flu and COVID-19 cases because some are treated to reduce symptoms and some are given antiviral drugs. “Fungal pneumonia is very rare, but it is related to people whose immune system has become weak due to any disease condition. Depending on the type of pneumonia you have, your doctor will tell you which treatment options will work best for you,” he said.

Myth 4: Once you’ve had pneumonia, you’ll never get it again

Pneumonia is different from other diseases in that the body develops immunity against the pathogen as it recovers. You can become infected with pneumonia more than once. This is especially the case when exposure is from different pathogens or in the presence of certain risk factors. Additionally, vaccines, such as the pneumococcal vaccine, help reduce the risk of developing certain types of bacterial pneumonia. However, Dr. Neeraj points out that these are not vaccines that provide 100 percent immunity. Getting annual flu shots and following proper hygiene, including hand washing, can help prevent infections that can lead to pneumonia.

Myth 5: Pneumonia only happens to smokers

Smoking actually damages the lungs, as well as weakens a person’s immune system, making them more prone to suffering from pneumonia. However, this is not true for non-smokers experiencing this. Infection can also develop due to chronic disease, a weakened immune system or respiratory condition, or exposure to pollutants or second-hand smoke. Although smoking will never be a good option for preventing such a disease, it is only part of the factors influencing people at higher risk.

Myth 6: Pneumonia always requires hospital care

“Very minor cases of pneumonia can be treated at home based on rest, fluid intake and prescribed medicines. In contrast, patients suffering from more severe cases are more likely to be older people, infants, or people with other medical problems and are more likely to end up in the hospital to deal with various complications. If you think you have pneumonia, contact your doctor for appropriate care,” he said.

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